Scientific Notation Converter

Enter any number (standard, scientific, or E notation) and instantly see every format.

Scientific Notation
1.86 x 10³
E Notation
1.86e+5
Engineering Notation
186 x 10³
Standard Form
186,000
Number of Digits / Decimal Places
3 significant figures

Try These Examples

Speed of light (m/s)299,792,458
One nanometer (m)1 x 10⁻&sup9;
Avogadro's number6.022 x 10²³
Electron charge (C)1.6 x 10⁻¹&sup9;
Earth to Sun (miles)9.3 x 10&sup7;

What Is Scientific Notation?

Scientific notation is a way of writing very large or very small numbers in a compact form. Instead of writing 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000, you write 6.022 x 10²³. The number before the "x" (the coefficient) must be at least 1 but less than 10, and the exponent tells you how many places to move the decimal point.

a x 10ⁿ   where 1 ≤ a < 10

Scientific vs. Engineering vs. E Notation

Scientific notation always uses a coefficient between 1 and 10 (like 4.7 x 10&sup5;). Engineering notation restricts the exponent to multiples of 3 (so 470 x 10³ instead of 4.7 x 10&sup5;), which maps directly to SI prefixes like kilo, mega, and giga. E notation is how computers and calculators write it (4.7E+5), replacing "x 10^" with "E".

How to Convert

To convert a standard number to scientific notation, move the decimal point until you have a number between 1 and 10. Count the places you moved it: that is your exponent. If you moved left, the exponent is positive. If you moved right, it is negative. For example, 0.00045 becomes 4.5 x 10⁻&sup4; because the decimal moved 4 places to the right.

What are significant figures?
Significant figures are the meaningful digits in a number. Leading zeros are not significant, but trailing zeros after a decimal point are. For example, 0.00450 has 3 significant figures (4, 5, and the trailing 0). Scientific notation makes significant figures clear because you only write the meaningful digits.
Why do scientists use scientific notation?
It saves space, reduces errors from miscounting zeros, makes the scale of numbers immediately clear, and simplifies multiplication and division (you just add or subtract exponents). It is essential in physics, chemistry, astronomy, and any field dealing with extreme values.
What is the difference between 10^3 and 10^-3?
10^3 equals 1,000 (move decimal 3 places right). 10^-3 equals 0.001 (move decimal 3 places left). Positive exponents make numbers bigger, negative exponents make them smaller. Each step of 1 in the exponent is a factor of 10.