CD Ladder Calculator

Design a certificate of deposit ladder to maximize returns while maintaining regular liquidity.

This tool provides estimates for educational purposes only. Not financial or tax advice. Neither MayoCalc nor Cook Media Systems assumes any liability. See our Disclaimer and Terms.

What Is a CD Ladder?

A CD ladder is a strategy where you divide your savings across multiple CDs with staggered maturity dates. For example, instead of putting $15,000 in a single 3-year CD, you split it into three $5,000 CDs maturing in 1, 2, and 3 years. When the 1-year CD matures, you reinvest it in a new 3-year CD. This creates a rolling cycle where one CD matures every year, giving you regular access to funds while capturing higher long-term rates.

How to Use This Calculator

Enter your total investment amount, the number of rungs (CDs) in your ladder, the spacing between maturities, and the interest rate for each term. The calculator shows the amount invested in each CD, the maturity dates, interest earned per rung, and total returns. It also shows when each CD matures and becomes available for reinvestment or withdrawal.

Why Use a CD Ladder?

A CD ladder gives you the best of both worlds: higher rates from longer terms and regular access to your money. Without a ladder, you either accept a lower rate for a short CD or lock everything up for years. With a ladder, a portion of your money becomes available at regular intervals, reducing the risk of needing to pay early withdrawal penalties. This strategy works especially well for emergency fund savings or money you will need at irregular intervals. Compare this to a simple CD using the CD Calculator.

CD Ladder FAQ

How many rungs should my ladder have?
3-5 rungs is most common. More rungs give more frequent access but require more accounts to manage. A 3-rung ladder with annual maturities is simple and effective. A 5-rung ladder with quarterly or semi-annual maturities provides more frequent liquidity.
What happens when a CD matures?
You typically have a grace period (7-14 days) to decide what to do: reinvest in a new CD at the current rate, move the money to savings, or withdraw it. If you do nothing, most banks automatically reinvest in a CD of the same term at whatever rate they are currently offering, which may be lower than what you could get by shopping around.

CD Ladder Strategy in Detail

A CD ladder divides your investment across multiple CDs with staggered maturity dates, creating a balance between higher long-term rates and regular liquidity. A classic 5-year ladder invests equal amounts in 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year CDs. As each CD matures annually, you reinvest the proceeds into a new 5-year CD (which typically offers the highest rate). After the initial setup period, you have a CD maturing every year while all your money earns the higher 5-year rate. Laddering protects against both scenarios: if rates rise, maturing CDs can be reinvested at higher rates; if rates fall, you still hold locked-in higher rates on your existing long-term CDs. This strategy is particularly valuable in uncertain interest rate environments.